A Comparative Analysis of the Structural Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Microwave- Assisted Methods

Authors

  • Smrithi Saroj Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India Author
  • Sneha Manoj Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India Author
  • U. Vijayalakshmi Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India Author

Keywords:

hydroxyapatite, sol-gel, microwave, crystallite size, sintering

Abstract

Several biomaterials have been developed in recent decades for various orthopedic and dental applications with hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) being an integral one owing to its structural similarity to human bone. Different methods have been explored for the fabrication of HA. Therefore, in this study, we have synthesized HA utilizing two methods namely- refluxing sol-gel and microwave route using the same precursors at different sintering temperatures. A comparative analysis of the phase formation of HA was carried out using XRD, FT-IR, TGDTA, SEM-EDAX, 31P NMR, and BET analyses. The average crystallite size and degree of crystallinity increased with sintering temperature. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of carbonate in the sol-gel method and were absent in the microwave method. The weight loss of the samples was observed at 100-400oC synthesized by both routes. Spherical-shaped particles were formed in sol-gel whereas it was rod-shaped in microwave synthesis. A doublet peak was analyzed in 31P NMR spectra due to the change in the oxidation state of phosphorous and the surface area of the samples was determined by the BET method. Hence, the study proves that different morphological HA can be synthesized through various methods.

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Published

26-08-2025

Issue

Vol. 39 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Original Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Smrithi Saroj, Sneha Manoj, U. Vijayalakshmi (Author)

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How to Cite

A Comparative Analysis of the Structural Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Microwave- Assisted Methods. (2025). Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs, 39(2), 131-137. https://www.biomaterials.org.in/tibao/index.php/tibao/article/view/181