Antimicrobial Activity of PCL Nano Scaffold Incorporated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of Varied Concentrations with and without Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease induced by microbiome imbalance, progressively destroys periodontal tissues. Developing scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration necessitates enhanced antibacterial treatments to mitigate infection risks and address the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the antibacterial properties of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds incorporated with varying concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Additionally, the influence of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on the antibacterial efficacy of the scaffolds was examined. PCL scaffolds were fabricated through electrospinning.  ZnO-NPs via wet chemical synthesis. The concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 per cent. I-PRF was prepared using blood samples from healthy persons. The concentration of ZnO-NPs in the Electrospun PCL scaffold ranged from 0.1% to 0.2%. PCL aone, PCL:ZnO (0.1%), and PCL:ZnO (0.2%) were each supplemented with 0.5 ml of I-PRF. There were six distinct experimental groups formed using the generated nano scaffolds: The following are the categories: The individuals were divided into six distinct groups, were as follows: The experimental groups are as follows: I, PCL alone; II, PCL+ZnO (0.1%); III, PCL+ZnO (0.2%); IV, PCL + I-PRF; V, PCL+ZnO (0.1%) + I-PRF; and VI, PCL+ZnO (0.2%) + I-PRF.  There were six groups in total, with groups IV-VI containing I-PRF and groups I–III not containing it. Each sample for the I-PRF groups received an addition of 0.5 millilitres of the chemical. The antimicrobial efficacy of PCL, both with and without injectable PRF, was evaluated against S. mutans and P. gingivalis using PCL:ZnO NPs at varying doses. The study was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The findings were displayed as the mean percentage of inhibition. The statistical analysis involved the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc analysis, and independent t-tests.