Preparation and Characterization of Pomegranate Peel Extract Mediated Calcium Sulphate and Titanium Dioxide Nano Composite Bone Graft Material

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the morphology, elemental composition, molecular structure, and crystalline characteristics of pomegranate peel extract-mediated calcium sulphate (CaSo4) and Titanium dioxide (Tio2) Nanocomposite bone graft material for potential biomedical applications. The incorporation of the botanical extract was hypothesized to enhance the material's properties, making it suitable for bone tissue regeneration. The pomegranate peel extract mediated Calcium sulphate and Titanium dioxide Nano composite bone graft material were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. SEM images were obtained to visualize the morphology of the composite, while EDS analysis was performed to determine the elemental composition. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to identify molecular structures, and XRD analysis was conducted to identify crystalline phases present in the material. SEM images revealed a distinct morphology, characterized by overlapping grouped structures with interconnected layers and irregular shapes, indicating a uniform distribution of the pomegranate peel extract within the composite. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of calcium, titanium, oxygen, carbon, and trace elements associated with the botanical extract. FT-IR spectra identified specific functional groups from the pomegranate peel extract, contributing to the composite's bioactivity. XRD analysis showed the presence of gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) and anatase TiO₂ crystalline phases, with a calculated crystallite size of approximately 61.6 nm. The findings suggest that the incorporation of pomegranate peel extract enhanced the material's structural integrity, elemental composition, molecular structure, and crystalline characteristics. The observed morphology, elemental distribution, molecular structure, and crystalline phases are promising for applications requiring mechanical stability and biocompatibility in bone tissue engineering. The comprehensive characterization of the pomegranate peel extract-incorporated Calcium sulphate titanium dioxide Nano composite bone graft material provided valuable insights into its potential biomedical applications. The study highlights the importance of botanical extracts in enhancing the properties of composite materials which can be used for bone tissue engineering, paving the way for further research and development in this field.